mysql备份恢复中的常见错误

mysqldump -uroot  -p vw>vw.sql

现备份数据库文件，需要恢复到目标机B，B的数据库版本为5.5.23，A机器的mysql版本为5.0.22

mysql>source /root/vw.sql;   
……………………………………………………   
Query OK, 6748 rows affected (0.13 sec)    
Records: 6748  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0    
Query OK, 6807 rows affected (0.12 sec)    
Records: 6807  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0    
Query OK, 6752 rows affected (0.13 sec)    
Records: 6752  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0    
Query OK, 6659 rows affected (0.13 sec)    
Records: 6659  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0    
Query OK, 6676 rows affected (0.13 sec)    
Records: 6676  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0    
Query OK, 6583 rows affected (0.12 sec)    
Records: 6583  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0    
Query OK, 6598 rows affected (0.13 sec)    
Records: 6598  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0    
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 1    
mysql>

在B机器上面导入的时候出现以上错误，排除数据库本身问题，后来通过navicat工具备份A的数据，再次导入机器B却成功了。

经过测试发现是字符集问题导致。解决办法如下

在A机器上面备份，使用如下命令，恢复到B机器，测试OK。

mysqldump -uroot --default-character-set=utf8  -p vw>vw.sql

以下附mysql字符集查看以及修改命令,

一、查看 MySQL 数据库服务器和数据库字符集

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+    
| Variable_name            | Value                      |    
+--------------------------+----------------------------+    
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |     
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |     
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |     
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |     
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |     
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |     
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |     
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |     
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

二、查看 MySQL 数据表（table） 的字符集。

mysql> show full columns from s_type;       
+---------+------------------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+    
| Field   | Type                   | Collation       | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | Privileges                      | Comment |    
+---------+------------------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+    
| tid     | mediumint(10) unsigned | NULL            | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references |         |     
| tname   | varchar(125)           | utf8_general_ci | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |     
| en-name | varchar(125)           | utf8_general_ci | NO   |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |     
| type    | tinyint(3)             | NULL            | NO   |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |     
+---------+------------------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+

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